Sylvia Warbler

At least 2 birds moving around the bushes in harsh sunlight and shadows. At first I thought the first one (oc 1) was a Sardinian but the photos (I took 3) have no trace of a red eye. The others I thought look like Whitethroat or perhaps Spectacled but not quite right. Then I started checking plumages of first year birds and ended up with 5 possibles for the area: <br>
Whitethroat - Sylvia communis<br>
Spectacled Warbler - Sylvia conspicillata<br>
Subalpine warbler - Sylvia cantillans<br>
Sardinian Warbler - Sylvia melanocephala<br>
Orphean Warbler - Sylvia hortensis<br>
A check with some Italian experts revealed they have a similar looking bird to mine with the same problem but they had a sound recording of the voice. Since I cannot hear I cannot use that method. They determined theirs was likely to be a 1st year Subalpine Warbler, but likely a North African race. <br>