Pixie Cups

Tiny cup lichens spotted growing amid moss and liverwort on soil near a sheltered rock face

From http://schmidling.com/lichen.htm: "This particular lichen (the Cladonia chlorophaea complex) has at least 3 to 4 species that look identical morphologically, but chemically they differ. All have cups. This group is identified, species-wise, base on the acids they contain, not really on cups size or anything like that. Lichen acids are best detected using thin-layer chromatography."