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Tortoise Beetle
Cassida circumdata
15.4562, 119.92
Field Notes
Description:
Chrysomelidae; Cassidinae; Cassida circumdata Herbst, 1799. The first picture, shown here, was taken in 2017 and it came to light when I was searching through some old photos. I was unable to identify it and posted it on Project Noah as an unidentified “Spotting”, hoping that someone might know the species and help me with a Species ID Suggestion. I kept going back to this spotting, in the hope that something would come to mind and, each time, I jotted down some notes on a scrap of paper. I often find that it helps to just write down what I think I can see. When I looked at my notes, yesterday, I had written down “Some kind of Arthropod. Six segments. Biggest segment at the front and getting smaller towards the end, like a microscopic rattlesnake tail. Seems to have eaten through the upper skin of the leaf. Sitting in a pool of sap. Is it dead?”. I thought that I had no hope of identifying this one. So, went back to my old photos to look for something a little easier to identify. I suddenly thought “rattlesnake tail”. What if this “thing” is a tail and the body of the creature is hiding inside the leaf? So back again, to my “Spotting” and I saw it. What I had assumed was a “pool of sap” was actually a rather soppy, gelatinous, translucent body of an insect. It didn’t take long to narrow my search down to the larva of Cassida circumdata. So, all I had to do was find some relevant photos to help illustrate, at least in part, the life cycle of this strange little larva which grows into a beautiful Tortoise Beetle.
Habitat:
The larvae and the adult Tortoise Beetle were all spotted, in our vegetable plot, in the rice mill backyard. They were all munching the leaves of Sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica), known in the Philippines as “Patolang bilog”. The late instar larva (in Pic #5) seemed to be startled and kept moving around, making it difficult to take a photo. So, I picked a big leaf from a nearby patch of weeds and used it to scoop up the uncooperative larva. Since it (obviously) did not yet have wings, it could not escape until I took a photo and then let it crawl back onto its host plant. The plant information is from http://www.stuartxchange.org/PatolangBilog.....
Notes:
Pic #1. Shows an early instar larva with its tail lying flat along its back. Pic #2. Is the original, less cropped, photo. You can see how much has been eaten by the larva. Pics #3. & #4. Show later instar larvae. One has its tail flat out behind it and the other has its tail arched upwards. Pic #5. Is, I think, a final instar larva. Its tail is now shaped like a fan, but it is not for cooling itself on a hot day. The “tail” is really an Anal Fork and the larva covers it with excrement. When it moves around, the larva waves the Anal Fork up and down to deter predators. Pic #6. Shows an adult Tortoise beetle.
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