I agree with ForestDragon's suggestion. I had missed the statement that Cerula vinula is not found in N. America. On the other hand, bugguide did list Furcula and one other Cerura (scitiscripta) as found in Virginia specifically. Examining the pics in an image search, turned up many more of the red and cream 2nd instar form for Fucula, and more especially, also the yellow and brown form for a 3rd instar, neither of which forms was displayed for the Cerura genus found in Virginia
I think there is a very good chance that you are looking at a caterpillar from Genus Furcula. Most of the caterpillars in that Genus look very similar and have overlapping ranges so it might be difficult to tell exactly which one it is. Here is a link:
http://bugguide.net/node/view/283
http://bugguide.net/node/view/283/bgpage (same genus on the "Browse" tab)
Hope this helps!
Hi beacantor, this is a very cool caterpillar! While it does look similar to Cerura vinula, I don't think it is likely since Cerura vinula is not a species found in North America (you can see on the EOL link the locations of where it has been reported to have been found).
There are similar looking caterpillars found in the US and I am looking now for a possible ID but until then you may want to consider leaving this in the unknowns.
So, for anyone interested, they are about three times the size now, and the green is more like yellow. Still have all the brown markings and the head has not changed.
This moth larvae is either a Drepanidae (cf diff sp, but with similar VERY odd appearance with twin "tails" -- http://www.hkwildlife.net/viewthread.php?tid=11445) or else a Notodontidae Stauropinae (most of which are not nearly so odd looking, but yet have a similar twin-tail structure -- http://ccs-hk.org/DM/butterfly/Notodont/Notodontid.html).
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