European robin

Around 12.5–14.0 cm (5.0–5.5 in) in length, the male and female are similar in color, with an orange breast and face lined with grey, brown upper parts and a whitish belly. The robin has a fluting, warbling song in the breeding season, when they often sing into the evening, and sometimes into the night. Nocturnal singing in urban robins occurs in places that are noisy during the day, suggesting that they sing at night because it is quieter, and their message can propagate through the environment more clearly. Both the male and female sing during the winter, when they hold separate territories, the song then sounding more plaintive than the summer version. The female robin moves a short distance from the summer nesting territory to a nearby area that is more suitable for winter feeding. The male keeps the same territory throughout the year. In autumn and winter, robins will supplement their usual diet of terrestrial invertebrates, such as spiders, worms and insects, with berries, fruit and seeds.